Solution

In Chan (2019) definition, the trade unions play a role of making sure entire conflicts are resolved. This is specifically when the negotiations of employees and management have failed to succeed. Also, in line with Taylor (2019), in emergence of conflicts, industrial sanctions often result. This is with employees having to worry on pay, work conditions, pay-based practice and security in the significantly dynamic working environment.

Trends are;

Informal Sanctions (Non-Union Led)– According to Iskander and Lowe (2021), at the start of 2018, approximately 10,000 days of work were lost in striking which is a reduction from the 3.5 million which had been lost late 1970s. This trend is informed by surge in non-union led sanctions. Specifically, considering UK context, the number of existing trade unions have substantially declined to current 47% from the late 1970s 60% union-led representation.

Localised strikes contrary to national– As evidenced in Henning and Eriksson (2021), strikes are increasingly localised in specific departments as opposed to the entire organisation striking. For the common issues which relate to issues with remuneration, conditions of working and flexible working is unique in terms of localised strikes. The significant transition of the demand is successful and relevant for their prioritisation.